Refractive errors occur when the eye cannot focus light precisely on the retina. The four main types are myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia.
Myopia (nearsightedness): distant objects appear blurred. Corrected with concave lenses, LASIK, SMILE Pro or ICL.
Hyperopia (farsightedness): near objects appear blurred. Corrected with convex lenses or LASIK.
Astigmatism: vision is blurred at all distances due to irregular corneal curvature. Corrected with cylindrical lenses, Contoura Vision or toric ICL.
Presbyopia: age-related loss of near focusing ability after 40. Corrected with reading glasses, multifocal IOLs, or refractive lens exchange.