Eye Anatomy
Understanding how the human eye works — an essential primer before any vision correction procedure.
How vision works
Light enters the eye through the cornea, passes through the pupil, and is focused by the lens onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina converts this light into electrical signals that travel via the optic nerve to the brain — which interprets them as the images you see.
For perfect vision, light must focus precisely on the retina. When the shape of the cornea or the length of the eyeball is slightly off, light focuses in front of or behind the retina — causing myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism. This is exactly what LASIK and modern laser vision correction procedures fix.
Key structures of the eye
Cornea
The clear front window of the eye — responsible for about two-thirds of the eye's focusing power. This is the structure reshaped during LASIK.
Iris & Pupil
The coloured iris controls the size of the pupil, regulating how much light enters the eye.
Lens
A flexible, transparent structure behind the iris that fine-tunes focus. Clouding of the lens causes cataract.
Retina
The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that converts light into electrical signals.
Macula
The central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision.
Optic Nerve
Transmits visual signals from the retina to the brain, where images are interpreted.
Vitreous
The clear gel-like substance filling the eye that maintains its round shape.
Sclera
The tough white outer wall of the eye that provides structural protection.
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